Once more he will see his friends, and then – He prepares a frugal supper; he calls together his acquaintances; he regales them with music; he converses with apparent gaiety. Indeed, “it is the duty (of the prince) to strike before the opponent does.” He goes even further. “Defensive wars are not merely just as self-defence, but they are also a revenge.” “A war declared out of revenge, is a just and orderly work” (“Table Talk”, 3478).

Much later, in 1917, amidst the First World War, Luther was portrayed as a German national hero. 7. The year 2017 will see the first centennial commemoration of the Reformation to take place during the ecumenical age. It will also mark fifty years of Lutheran–Roman Catholic dialogue What Luther Says download here. At a time when we need to love each other or perish, we cannot abide the sight of one another. Jesus has gone from being the Savior of penitents and the Lord of the Church to a nosegay for our culture and an issuer of seals of approval for our political positions, left or right , source: Encountering God: The Legacy of Lutheran Book of Worship for the 21st Century (Lbw Resources and References) http://civic.cet.ac.il/library/encountering-god-the-legacy-of-lutheran-book-of-worship-for-the-21-st-century-lbw-resources-and. Apart from Germany, where two thirds of the population had accepted Lutheranism by the end of the sixteenth century, the expansion of Lutheranism through Sweden, Denmark, and Norway left national churches that have endured in strength Battle of the Bands read online http://rehset.com/books/battle-of-the-bands.

However, the twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth of the 39 Articles - an Anglican Confession following the Augsburg Confession - teach that Christ's Body and Blood in the Consecrated Elements are truly present in a spiritual modality To Live with Christ: Devotions download epub http://old.gorvestnik.ru/library/to-live-with-christ-devotions-by-bo-giertz. The friends of the new service heard in this last reading the requiem of the Protestant worship. At the stated hour, the Dean of Edinburgh, clad in canonicals, appeared to begin the new service. A vast crowd had assembled, both within and without the church, and as the dean, Liturgy in hand, elbowed his way, and mounted the stairs to the desk, the scene was more animated than edifying Bonhoeffer Speaks Today: Following Jesus at all Costs read for free. Martin Luther (1483-1546) posts his 95 Theses on the door of Wittenburg Cathedral, in protest at the Catholic doctrine of indulgences and formally begins the Protestant Reformation. Luther publishes three monumental works, To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and On the Freedom of a Christian ref.: The Promise of Lutheran Ethics download here download here. The Catholic church, the renaissance and Protestantism; lectures given at the Catholic institute of Paris, January to March 1904 The Catholic church, the renaissance and Protestantism; lectures given at the Catholic institute of Paris, January to March 1904 What is the Renaissance, and in what particulars is it opposed to the spirit of Christianity? — In Italy 1 Definition of the Renaissance — In what way it is a revival — Return to antiquity, nature, and rationalism — Whence this return to antiquity — How the Italians of the fifteenth century were ready for an intellectual revolution — The man of the Renaissance 2 The awakening of antiquity in Italy — Art: Brunelleschi — Michelet and the Leonardo da Vincis in the Louvre — Return to ancient literature — Petrarch — Humanists — Vittorino da Feltre — Mecaenas — Pretensions and exalted favours of humanists — Their fall — Their work: general Latinisation of culture — The return to the classics was not in itself contrary to the spirit of Christianity — Nor was the return to nature — The same cannot be said of the return to the spirit of the ancients 8 Fundamental difference between this spirit and the Christian spirit — Christian and pagan idea of life — Deification of nature — Sequere naiuram: different meanings of this phrase — Rabelais — Lorenzo Valla — Beccadelli — Rehabilitation of pride and sensuality — Practical and doctrinal opposition made to Christianity — Marsilio Ficino and Pomponius Laetus — Poggio — Attacks on the part of paganising humanists against the Christian ideal, against priests and monks — Breadth and depth of this action of pagan humanism — Contrasts in Italy — The avowals of Machiavelli and Benvenuto — Incredulity, immorality, superstition — Michelet and Taine — How the Church favoured such a movement 14 Characteristics of the Renaissance in France, England, and Germany — The extent of its connection in these countries with the Protestant movement 25 Humanism in Europe: its religious and moral influence — Why it was only studied in France, England, and Germany — How and why the humanist movement and religious reformation were confounded in these countries, although contradictory in appearance 25 Questions of date: chronological coincidence between the two movements — Outside Italy antiquity is merely an importation, and consequently has less influence — It does not destroy the national characteristics of art or of literature — German art in the early sixteenth century — French art of the Renaissance under Charles VIII. and Louis XII. — Superficial influence of Rosso and Primaticcio — Similarly in literature, the national genius absorbs outside influences — The masses are not affected by humanism — The social organisation of France takes no notice of it — Finally, in the moral order, France, Germany, and England are less influenced than Italy — This is why the Renaissance does not induce a return to paganism 26 The Renaissance and the religious movement in England — Relations with Italy — Grocyn, Linacre, Colet, More — Coterie at Oxford and its religious inspiration — Saint Paul's School, London — Henry VIII. patron of the humanists — He deceives their hopes 38 The Renaissance and the religious movement in France — France taught by her neighbours: Italy, Netherlands, Germany — Revival of classical studies — College of France — Publication of texts — Libraries and men of letters — Literary circles — Transformation of secondary studies — Lively reaction against scholastics — Rabelais ridicules the doctors of the Sorbonne— Reaction against the ideas of the preceding age — Ramus — Rabelais — Etienne Dolet — Bonaventure des Periers — Protestantising humanists — Lefevre d'Etaples — Bishop of Meaux, Briconnet — Marguerite de Navarre — Their limits — Renaissance appeared reconcilable with Christian spirit in the countries of Germany, England, and France 40 Why, and to what extent, did the Papacy, and often the Episcopate, favour the movement of the Renaissance? 51 Unhappy results of humanism foreseen from the sixteenth century — Evidence of Alberto of Carpi, Erasmus, Constable of Montmorency — Chief dignitaries and heads of the Church held responsible by many — How far is this accusation true? 51 Patronage granted by the Popes to humanism — Innocent VII. and the Roman University — Humanists at the Pontifical Court — Martin V. and the Council of Constance — Emmanuel Chrysoloras, Leonardo Bruni, Poggio, Vergerio, etc. — Eugenius IV. — Flavius Blondus — Humanist cardinals — A humanist Pope: Nicholas V. — The Vatican Library — Nicholas V. wished Rome, the centre of religion, to be also the centre of arts and literature — Even in the early days of humanism it was excessively patronised by the Papacy 53-56 Immorality of certain humanists admitted at the Pontifical Court, and helped by the Popes — Reaction sets in with the pontificate of Calixtus III. — Pius II. sees and combats the danger of pagan Renaissance — The conflict reaches its height under Paul II. — Platina — Pomponius Laetus and the Roman Academy — Conspiracy of 1468 — Measures taken by Paul II. — Under Sixtus IV. the Papacy patronises humanists again, even the least Christian — Leo X. — Incomparable splendour of Rome — Clement VII. and the siege of Rome Episcopal courts in Germany, England, and France — Cardinal Nicolas de Cuse — The Archbishop of Mainz — Archbishop of Canterbury, Warham — Cardinal Wolsey — Bishop of Paris, Etienne Poucher — Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine — Jean du Bellay Conclusion — The episcopate of different nations need not be taken into consideration — The question of the Papacy is more serious — Epochs to be distinguished — At first the danger is latent — Personal digressions, contradictions, hypocrisy of certain humanists, but no formal heresy — When the evil becomes evident the Popes decide to act — The reaction fails, and the Papacy is again led away — But even then it does not forget its doctrinal authority — Leo X. and Late ran Councils — After the siege of Rome the Papacy asserts itself — Why it fought more vigorously against the Protestant Reformation than against humanism — The Popes were not responsible for the demoralisation of Italy — Advantage gained by the Church in patronising humanism and the Renaissance — External splendour of the Church and her role as civiliser — Attitude of the Church in face of great intellectual movements — Excesses which accompany intellectual, social, and political transformations — Union of progress with science and faith — Solution of the great problems as sought by the Renaissance — Relation to our own days 68 Protestant theories on the origin of the Reformation: revolt of conscience against the corruption of the Roman Church — Falsity of this thesis — Many of the causes which explain the Protestant revolution in different countries — It is true that the Catholic Church needed reform — Causes of the crisis which occurred: strife between the civil and ecclesiastical powers in the fourteenth century, the western schism and its deplorable consequences — Why the fifteenth century did not see Catholic reform — Musulman invasion — Discord in Italy — Splendour of the Renaissance — Tentative efforts in favour of the reform — Prophecy of Cardinal Cesarini 81 Why the Protestant crisis breaks out in Germany — Political and social state of this country at the beginning of the sixteenth century — Germs of revolution — Why this revolution assumed a religious character — Triple movement: religious, intellectual, and national; mystics, humanists, knights — Hatred against Rome 87 One man, Luther, embodies all these revolutionary elements — Whence arose Luther's power — The soul of Luther and German genius — Violent and brutal side: polemics of Luther — Sentimental and mystical side — Successive defeat of all the causes which primarily had been confounded with the religious revolution — Heresy only existed by the help of princes, the organisation of churches, and the education of children 93 Similar causes of the triumph of Protestantism in other European states, but nowhere a decisive reason for separation from Rome — Helped by public power, the Reformation gained the victory — Examples of England, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland — Conclusion 98 Why France remained Catholic — The triple movement (religious, intellectual, national) found in Germany, exists also in France — State of the French Church — Gallicanism and mistrust towards Rome — This mistrust shows itself during the League — Calvin — The first French Protestants — Justification by faith alone — Seduction of martyrdom — The rdle of the nobility in the French Reformation — Their greed — Why Protestants remained in the minority — National characteristics which opposed the spirit of the Reformation — Humanism reconciled with the Church — France always wished a certain degree of union with Rome — Concordat of 151 6 and its importance — It gave the royal power the desired satisfaction, and a national character to the Gallican Church — Many of those who at the first were inclined to the new ideas did not wish to separate from the Church 109 Catholicism seemed to possess all the constitutional strength of the nation — Yet these forces failed in their task — Royalty, vacillation of Francis I. — Violence of Henry II. and his followers — Catherine de Medici: her political ruses; the Saint Bartholomew — Henry III., the Protestant king — The Church: the Valois make a selection of undesirable or suspected bishops in virtue of the Concordat — Political bishops — The majority of the episcopate recognise Henry IV. before his conversion — Opposition caused by this attitude of the bishops — Civil magistrates and parliament — Part played by 1' Hospital — The Duke of Alencon and politics — The Guises — Catholics lose the fruit of their victories — Protestant minority vigorously organised — They form a state in the State; they have men and resources, and are dismayed at nothing; their vandalism; political assassination; civil war; their treaties abroad; the difference between their alliances and that of the Leaguers with Spain; their fanaticism 119-129 Formation of Catholic party and opinion — R6le of the Jesuits and Capuchins — Catholic preaching — The first unions — The League — Lawfulness of resistance opposed to Henry IV. — Siege of Paris — Judgment on the Satyre Menippe'e — Necessity of ending civil war 133 Conversion of Henry IV. the only way of ending war and rehabilitating France — Many understand this — Attitude of Pope Sixtus V. — States-General, 1593; calumniated; good Catholics and good Frenchmen — Henry IV. yields to the national will — His abjuration — Absolved by the Pope — Era of power and greatness for France 143 How did the Catholic Church defend herself against Protestantism? — The characteristics of her own reformation 152 Paris in 1 534: Calvin, Rabelais, Saint Ignatius of Loyola — The Catholic Church pulls itself together — Religious and intellectual movements at the beginning of the century — True mysticism and true reform — The Church opposes authority to free inquiry — Definitions of the Council of Trent — Roman Inquisition — Index — Reaction against individualism — Sacrifice in religious orders — Opposition to religious orders under Paul III. — Reform and creation of religious orders — Capuchins — Carmelites — Jesuits — Jesuit obedience 152 The action in Catholic Church of the sixteenth century — Catholic reforming party — Opening of the Council of Trent; confession and promises — Reforms — End of councils — The work accomplished — Good choice of car- dinals — Good Popes — Judgment of von Ranke on the Popes of the second half of the sixteenth century — Saint Charles Borromeus — Institution of seminaries — Ecclesiastical congregations: the Theatins — Oratory — Other congregations — Intellectual and artistic revival in the Catholic Church 171 Delicate and painful side to this question — Uneasiness it causes contemporary minds — Reason of the repugnance felt for the interference by civil authority — Necessity of going far back to understand this — Analogies drawn from social order by means of which Mgr. d'Hulst explains — The right of the Church — Abuses — State invoked by the Church as defender of the social order 182 The Protestants of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries agree on this subject with Catholics — Opinion of Luther after 1529 — Opinion of Melanchthon; of Calvin; of Theodore de Beza; of Bullinger; of Farel — Doctrine contained in Protestant Confessions of Faith — Opinion of Iurien in the seventeenth century — Same theory as Catholics on the rights of State when social order is compromised by a religious doctrine — Calvin and dedication in the Christian Institution 189 Inquisition and the Protestants of Spain — Letters of Charles V. — Ordinances of Philip II. — Inquisitor Valdes — Five autos da fe of 1559-1560— Tortures inflicted on English heretics under Mary Tudor — Execution of Rowland Taylor — Religious wars in France — letters of Saint Pius V. to Catherine de Medici and Charles IX. — The Popes and the massacre of Saint Bartholomew 182 Same practices on the part of Protestants — Examples in Bern and Geneva — Intolerance in Sweden, Denmark, and Holland — Catholic persecution in England — Tortures of reign of Elizabeth — Cuthbert Maine — The Jesuit campaign — Catholic martyrology in England in the seventeenth century — Long persecution of Irish — Horrors of the Thirty Years' War — Massacres by Cromwell in Ireland — Franciscans of Gorkum — Protestant violence in France before the religious wars — Massacres in different towns — The Michelade — Exquisite tortures 206 Has Protestantism been, as stated, more favourable than Catholicism to moral and spiritual progress? 223 Question put by the Institute of France in 1802 — Essay by Charles ViUers on the spirit and influence of Lathers reformation — Napoleon Roussel's book on the comparison between Catholic and Protestant nations — Article by M. de Laveleye on the future of Catholic nations — Refuted by Catholics: Balmis, Auguste Nicolas, the Abbe' Martin, Pere Flam^rion, Doellinger, Janssen, Goyan — Obstinacy of error 223 Opinion of M. de Laveleye on the immorality of French literature — Why, according to him, French writers have exalted the Renaissance at the expense of the Reformation — Decrease of religious feeling among Catholic people — Catholic literature is not less moral than Protestant 228 How Luther's doctrine on works had for result an excess of immorality and irreligion — Evidence of Erasmus; of Georges Wizel; of Willibald Pirkheimer; of Ulrich Zasius; of Amsdorf; of Christopher Fischer; of Jacob Andrese; of Capita; of Bucer; of Melanchthon; of Luther himself — Bigamy of the Landgrave of Hesse, authorised by the leaders of Protestantism 232 The moral and religious state of Protestant people is not in our own days superior to that of Catholics — Protestant Germany — Impiety of Berlin — Middle classes — Popular socialistic masses — Country — Mecklemburg, Brunswick, Thuringia, etc., as examples — Opinion of the Bishop of Osnabriick on the state of Protestantism in the northern districts — Comparison between Catholic and Protestant Germany from the points of view of birth-rate, divorces, suicides, crime — Statistics — Superiority of Catholics in nearly every respect — Religion is not the only factor in morality — Morality and religious feeling among Anglo-Saxons — English cant — How Puritanism lasted, and the reaction which followed it — The population of London — United States of America — Worship of money — Depravity of large towns — Divorces — Comparison between Catholic and Protestant countries — Statistics, birth-rate, divorces, suicides, and crime — The high morality of Protestant countries is a fable 248 Moral and religious life of Protestants: causes — Reaction against the doctrine of uselessness of works — Protestant works in the nineteenth century — Mysticism — Reading the Bible — Good faith — Influence of education — Fortunate contradictions 261 What have been the intellectual and doctrinal consequences of Protestantism? — Has Protestantism been more favourable than Catholicism to the intellectual progress of Christian nations? 265 Luther on reason — What he thinks of free thought — Censure of books among Protestants — Humanism promptly turns against the Renaissance - Decadence of biblical study after Luther — Decadence of classical study — Invectives of Luther against the Universities — Decadence of patriotic studies — Writings of Luther considered sufficient for everything — Decadence of historical study — Intervention of the devil accounts for much — Decadence of philosophical and theological studies — Lutheran scholasticism — Decadence of various kinds of literature — Grossness of satires and pamphlets, of religious drama, of popular tales — Horrible and wonderful literature — Witches and their fate 267 Denial of all definite dogma and the idea even of religious truth — Religious truth made by believers — This idea invades the dominion of exegesis and religious history — Parallel between Schleiermacher, Strauss, and Baur — The Scriptures lose all doctrinal authority — Exegesis and history according to preconceived philosophical ideas — Reuss, Wellhausen, Stade, Harnack, and their followers — Christ made an unknown god — Double truth of German Protestants: one for teachers, one for the taught — Voluntary equivocations — Protests of certain Protestant authorities — The University Popes — The State maintains the exterior unity of the Church — Protestantism tends to free thought — Influence on many Catholics — The French mind repudiates these equivocations 290 Has Protestantism been more favourable than Catholicism to the social and political progress of modern nations? 298 Three nations, mainly Protestant, are in the first rank — Defeats of France and Spain — M. de Laveleye and his followers attribute the difference of power and activity to difference of cult — Odious comparison between England and Ireland — Numerous causes which conduce to greatness in nations — Besides, France and Spain were much more powerful when they were Catholic — Their decadence partly due to the influence of the sects 298 What does liberty owe to Protestantism? — Liberty of conscience — Tyranny of the State in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries — Csesaropapism — Interference of modern State in religious questions 30 Protestantism and individual liberty — Serfdom in Mecklembourg, in Pomerania, in Prussia, in Scandinavia — Calvinism less hostile than Lutheranism to liberty 308 Protestantism and political liberty — The Middle Ages were not a time of political slavery — Absolutism of princes everywhere strengthened by Protestantism — In those countries where political freedom existed it originated from other causes than Protestantism — Examples: England, United States, Holland, Switzerland 310 Protestantism and material prosperity of nations — Strange theory of Napoleon Roussel — Wealth and Christian spirit — The other side of the question — Diversity of causes of wealth and economic power of a nation — Religion cannot annul climatic or geographical effects — Comparison drawn by M. de Laveleye between Protestant and Catholic cantons in Switzerland — Where this comparison is at fault 317

Stackhouse, Public Theology and Political Economy (Grand Rapids, Mich., 1987); Garry Wills, Under God: Religion and American Politics (New York, 1990); Hunter, Culture Wars; Don E ref.: The Faith is Mine read here read here. The Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland reports a baptized membership of more than 80,000 in 300 congregations and preaching stations. It has a national staff of 160 pastors, 20 teachers and 36 additional staff members. The church operates the Christian Theological Academy in Warsaw with an enrollment of 90 students download. The house of Orange had for some time been in obscurity, but it was the singular fortune of that illustrious line to emerge into prominence at all the great epochs of the Reformation, and with its re-emergence the light of victory ever returned to gild again the banners of Protestantism. The present hour produced a second William of Orange, who, devoting himself to the cause of his country and of Christendom, when the condition of both seemed desperate, turned the tide of the French victories which were overflowing Europe, uplifted the sinking balance of the Protestant interests in England, and elevated the cause of the Reformation to so stable a position, that of the second William it may be truly said that he crowned the great struggle which the first William had commenced more than a century before online. Mainline Protestant theology went through dramatic changes in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when liberal theology emerged in the wake of advances in biblical criticism, the history of religions movement, and biblical archaeology. German theologians like Friedrich Schleiermacher, Albrecht Ritschl, and Adolf von Harnack led a trend in which Jesus was seen more as a teacher and example of moral virtue than a savior , source: The Arts and the Cultural Heritage of Martin Luther: Special Issue of Transfiguration - Nordic Journal for Christianity and the Arts (Transfiguraton - Nordic Journal for Christianity and the Arts) http://abfab.eu/library/the-arts-and-the-cultural-heritage-of-martin-luther-special-issue-of-transfiguration-nordic. You can only upload a photo (png, jpg, jpeg) or a video (3gp, 3gpp, mp4, mov, avi, mpg, mpeg, rm) Reconciliation and Justification Reconciliation and Justification. But it was disregarded outside of Saxony. Gradually no less than eleven or twelve recensions came into use, some based on the edition of 1545, others on that of 1546 pdf. To accept females as bishops is clearly in contrast to what the Bible teaches (information on female religious roles can be found in the article Women and the New Testament Church ) , source: Reclaiming the "L" Word: Renewing the Church from Its Lutheran Core http://old.gorvestnik.ru/library/reclaiming-the-l-word-renewing-the-church-from-its-lutheran-core. Paul wrote Galatians to combat the Judaizers (Jews who said that Gentile Christians had to obey the Old Testament Law to be saved). Like the Judaizers, Catholics make human works necessary for one to be justified by God, and they end up with a completely different gospel. It is our prayer that God will open the eyes of those who are putting their faith in the teachings of the Catholic Church , e.g. Reclaiming the "L" Word: Renewing the Church from Its Lutheran Core download for free. All ministers were enjoined to read this edict from the pulpit during the time of Divine service, and several were visited with suspension for refusing obedience Luther and German Humanism (Variorum Collected Studies Series) massageawaystress.com. Her "Book of Common Order" no longer regulated her public worship, which was now conducted according to a "Directory," also framed on English soil and by English minds ref.: Put Baby Jesus in Your Wagon: download here old.gorvestnik.ru. The "Theses" were found to be as applicable to Christendom as to Wittemberg, and as hostile to the great indulgence-market at Rome as to the little one at Juterbock. Now was seen the power of that instrumentality which God had prepared beforehand for this emergency – the printing-press. Copied with the hand, how slowly would these propositions have traveled, and how limited the number of persons who would have read them Luther's Revolution: The download for free abfab.eu!